Rishabh Patel's Blogspot

Task 1 and task 2

rishabhpatel — Wed, 17 Sep 2008 10:14:49 +0000

Published September 11, 2008 Uncategorized 0 Comments

1. What is AI?

AI or Artifical Intelligence is associated with computers that mimick intelligence similar to us humans. This involves being able to reason and make decisions based on experience. There has been a little debate happening about the testing and what makes the computer intelligent. John McCarthy first used the term back in 1956 in which he defines AI as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.”

2. Is AI acheivable?

AI at present is being achieved but not to a particular extent. There must be a further development in the years to come before AI can reach its maximum potential and hopefully make great creations. In my opinion, it won’t be so long before AI is more commonly used with the technology growth we are experiencing today.

3. How is AI been represented in film? (refer to at least 2 films)

AI is beginning to be used for commonly in the 21st century due to its great development. These include:

- Transformers: In this movie the characters are computer-generated and programmed to have thousands of pieces move as they tranformed or maneuvered. In this case many of the robots are put into battle, some with devestating outcomes. At the end, some robots do manage to escape the horror, with many travelling to space.

- Terminator series: In this movie AI is used for the creation of particular tanks and machines. This story is based in 2029 by a series of AI computer-intelligent machines which wiped human resistance. This leaves the Terminator no choice but to kill the villian whose son leads a resistance against the machines.

4. Which film do you think represents AI in the most plausible way?

The film that I believe represesnts AI in the most plausible way is Tranformers for its great use of AI. I say this because Tranformers has used a better technology which made the movie more futuristic. Transformers uses a variety of computer-generated robots which have the abilities of a human. This is the whole idea of Artifical Intelligence which is “the creation of machines that have human abilities.”

1. What is the Turing Test?

The Turing Test is a phrase refered to a proposal used by Alan Turing as a way of dealing with the question on whether a computer can be really said to think like the human brain. In an attempt to pierce through the debate on how to define “thinking,” Turing made a test to answer the question “Can machines think?” and reasoned if a computer acts, reacts and interacts like a sentient being, then it is classified sentient.

2. Is the Turing Test a valid test of intelligence?

The Turing Test involves an isolated human interrogator and it is to distinguish between a human and a computer based on their answers that the interrogator asks. After that the interrogator determines which subject is human and which one is Artifical Intelligence.

Therefore, the Turing Test is a test of intelligence but it requires a great deal of technology to successfully pass the test.

3. Find a ChatBot on the Internet and have a conversation, screen dump the conversation and add it to your blog.

1. What is your name?

2. How are you today Alice?

3. What are your interests and hobbies?

4. What are favourite subjects in school?

5. What do you prefer to do in your spare time?

4. Evaluate the ChatBot based on it’s responses to your questions. Does it pass the Turing Test?

The Chatbot’s responses to my questions were incorrectly answered, with the Chatbot not able to understand the specific content in the question and therefore not give a correct answer. This Chatbot has shown very little intelligence and skill in answering difficult questions which needs improvement Therefore this ChatBot definitely cannot pass the Turing Test based on my observation.

Exercise 9.8

rishabhpatel — Tue, 19 Aug 2008 02:15:14 +0000

Published August 14, 2008 Uncategorized 0 Comments

1. Write the flowchart algorithm to solve the same problem.

2. Figure 9.13 shows a sequence of steps involved in buttering and eating a slice of bread. Write the pseudocode algorithm to solve the same problem.

Begin

Get slice of bread

Get butter

Open butter

Get knife

Get butter on knife

Use knife to put butter on bread

Wash knife

Close butter

Put butter away

Put knife away

Eat buttered bread

End

Excersise 9.5 and 9.6

rishabhpatel — Fri, 15 Aug 2008 04:39:11 +0000

An algorithm written to use a oven has the following statements. Place these statements into logical order.

1. Plug the oven into the power

2. Open microwave door

3. Place the chicken into the oven

4. Close microwave door

5. Select time

6. Press start

7. Remove food when timer rings

2. Describe the problem in understanding the following sentence: “Go to the table where the telephone is ringing and pick it up.” Rewrite the sentence so that the meaning is clearly understood

The telephone is currently ringing. Walk to the table where it is situated and pick it up to talk to the person on the line.

3. Why is the following sentence vague? “Bake the cake until the cake is cooked.” Use basic english to write a better algorithm for the problem by following these steps:

What are the inputs?

What processing has to be carried out?

What are the outputs?

Place the cake in the oven. Once it has cooked to your perfection, remove from oven and enjoy!

Checkbox- Enables the user to select or clear the wanted option

Radio button- Enables the user to select a single option from a group of choices

List box- Displays a list from which the user can select items

Combo box- Displays an editable text box with a drop-down list of permitted values

Label- Provides run-time information or descriptive text for control

2. GUI or (a) graphical user interface is a (b) user friendly programming environment which is simple and easy to use for (c) novice or beginning programmers. This type of programming allows the programmer to place (d) objects into their programs such as buttons, (e) text boxes and (g) cursors. They also allow the use of a wide range of data types. The smallest item of meaningful data used in any program is a (h) character. Number data may be either (i) integers or (j) real numbers, also called decimals. Any series of characters is known as a (k) string with a special ise of variables called the (l) Boolean data type used to hold only two possible outputs, such as Yes and No.

Report – Paint and Photoshop

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 07:28:16 +0000

Paint and Photoshop are two programs which have the sole purpose of allowing the user to draw and paint images, shapes, drawings, etc. However, that is just the primary purpose of these two products. Also, these two programs specialise in different fields or can be what we call, ‘subcategorised’. One program is a draw program while the other is a paint program, and you can quite clearly tell which is which. We know that Microsoft has its program paint inbuilt in all computers and is freeware, whereas people have to buy Adobe Photoshop.

What are the features of Adobe Photoshop and Paint?

Photoshop is a program made by Adobe Systems, and is a draw program, and also difficult to use due to the number of features it has. Photoshop has heaps and heaps of tools, which allows the user to vary their work in many ways. This is not just used for drawing, but also animations, media editing, complex texture images, etc. The tools help users to manipulate their work.

On the other hand, paint is a very simple program which allows the user to create their picture or edit a previous image. Paint just has the simple tools, such as pencil drawing, colour palette, magnifier, text, etc.

What are the advantages of Photoshop & Paint?

Paint

- Very time consuming and simple

-User Friendly, easy to use

-Easy to draw lines, boxes, etc

-Tools not hard to use

-Ease your way through the program

-Not difficult to find what you need

-n00b friendly

-Easy to edit images

Photoshop

- Very advanced graphical program

-Wide range of tools

-Excellent to create a masterpiece

-Many extra features to make thing easier

What are the disadvantages of Paint and Photoshop?

Paint

-Not good for creating high class images

-Lacks variation for pictures

-Images are not sharp

-Very standard level of work

-Not many tools

Photoshop

-Hard for n00bz

-Not user-friendly

-Takes a long time to start

-Hard to find your way around

-Requires skill

-Requires understanding of each tool

How are the packages similar?

Well, both packages allow the users to create and edit images, but at different extents.

How are the packages different?

Paint is a paint program, and is very simple, while Photoshop is a draw program, and is used to create high quality images, animation, etc with the use of many different tools.

Which package is better?

This depends on the work you need to do but generally, it would be Photoshop as it is packed with features and allows the user to create high class work.

Which package is more user friendly?

Clearly, it’s paint to the reduced amount of features and complexity compared to Photoshop.

Programming

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:59:57 +0000

Input	Process	Output
Centimetres	1 inch = 2.54 cm	Inches

Data

Inches

Types of Data

Numbers

Integer – Whole numbers

Floating point – decimal numbers (with decimal places)

-different languages use different terms for floating point numbers (eg: Pascals use REAL, Visual Basic.NET uses DOUBLE)

String

Alphanumeric data/text

Boolean

True/False

Different Softwares

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:59:27 +0000

Spreadsheet Software

Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Works
Google Spreadsheets

Word Processing Software

Microsoft Word
Note Book
Zoho Writer

Presentation Software

Microsoft Powerpoint
Apple Works
Adobe Persuasion

Database Software

Microsoft Access
Filemaker Pro
Alpha Five

Movie Making Software

Windows Movie Maker
Imovie
Gear Video

Graphics Software

Paint
Photoshop
Autodesk SketchBook

Publishing Software

· Microsoft Publisher

· Framemaker

Adobe Indesign

Binary and Hexadecimal conversions

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:58:34 +0000

Binary and Hexadecimal Conversions

	Binary Code	64	32	16	8	4	2	1	Decimal Number
a	0001011	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	11
b	1000000	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	64
c	1010111	1	0	1	0	1	1	1	87
d	1001001	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	73
e	1100001	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	97
f	0011111	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	31
g	1110001	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	113
h	1111101	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	125
i	1000010	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	66
j	1111111	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	127

	Decimal number	64	32	16	8	4	2	1	Binary Code
a	65	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1000001
b	19	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0010011
c	40	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0101000
d	47	0	1	0	1	1	1	1	0101111
e	101	1	1	0	0	1	0	1	1100101
f	78	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1010000
g	119	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1110111
h	58	0	1	1	1	0	1	0	0111010
i	98	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1100010
j	124	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1111100

	Hexadecimal	4096	256	16	1	Decimal Number
a	1D	0	0	1	D	29
b	13	0	0	1	3	19
c	18	0	0	1	8	24
d	130	0	1	3	0	304
e	274	0	2	7	4	628
f	142	0	1	4	2	322
g	34A	0	3	4	A	842
h	2A21	2	A	2	1	10785
i	FF	0	0	F	F	255
j	10DE	1	0	D	E	4318

	Decimal Number	4096	256	16	1	Hexadecimal
a	600	0	2	5	8	258
b	21	0	0	1	5	15
c	40	0	0	2	8	28
d	42	0	0	2	A	2A
e	258	0	1	0	2	102
f	342	0	1	5	6	156
g	612	0	2	6	4	264
h	4096	1	0	0	0	1000
i	4134	1	0	2	6	1026
j	1000	0	3	E	8	3E8

Programming Langauges – Generations

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:57:29 +0000

The first generation of programming languages was and still is machine language or the level of instructions and data that the processor is actually given to work on .

However not long after, the second generation of programming languages came out which was called an assembler.

The third generation of language came out with the idea of “high level”, such as java.

Another generation called the fourth generation was born with the idea of making the third generation codes easier.

And finally, the fifth generation was the invention of using visuals to program, instead of codes.

Different Types of Software

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:40:19 +0000

Freeware- Software application programs that are free to use and distribute. Often, these programs are written by home programmers and distributed via the Internet at no cost and no future obligation to buy.

Shareware- Software programs that are openly available and usually can be downloaded online. They are often free, though not always.

Public Domain- material that is uncopyrighted, whose copyright has expired, or is uncopyrightable.

Open Source- a definition of software that includes freely available access to source code, redistribution, modification, and derived works.

Excercise 9.1

rishabhpatel — Tue, 03 Jun 2008 06:38:47 +0000

1. Match each term in column 1 with the best description from column 2.

black box : software not fully understood by most users

hierachy : diagram where the most important level of a system is at the top

resources : general term for components needed to perform a task

interface : meeting point between parts of a system

processors : the means of carrying out operations or instructions

procedures : instructions that control processing

hardware : physical units that make up a system

software : programs or sets of instruction

data : individual facts input into a system

people : users of a system

2.True or False?

Computer hardware can work without software. False

Software is often called programs. True

Programs that start up the computer and control its operations are systems software. True

Operating systems consist of one program. False

Operating systems manage hardware devices. True

An application program is the same as an operating system. False

Application programs consist mainly of utility programs. True

Application programs do not need operating systems in order to work. False

3.Answer the following questions in full sentences.

a. Name THREE jobs done by systems software.
A systems software’s three jobs are, the managing and controlling computer hardware in order for the application software to perform a task. Another job is transferring data from memory to disk. Finally, the third job in which the system software can undertake is rendering text into a display unit.

b. List FOUR peripheral devices that require a driver.
Four peripheral devices which require a driver are:

Printers
Graphic Cards
Network Cards
Sound Cards

c. Provide TWO specific examples of utility software.
Two utility softwares are, virus scanners and disk defragmenters.

d. Name TWO different types of operating systems.
Two different types of operating systems are, Windows XP and Windows Vista.